Western Oregon University
See examples below to learn about how multiple authors for one work are handled in APA parenthetical citations.
Include author's last name and year of publication, separated by a comma, in parentheses:
Studies indicate that polar bear populations will dramatically decline as Arctic ice melts (Jedden, 2006).
Include last name of both authors, separated by the ampersand symbol ('&'), and year of publication:
Polar bears have been used by environmentalists as an icon of climate change in several campaigns. (Joleah & Lamb, 2007).
First citation in text: Include last names of all authors, separated by the ampersand symbol ('&'), and year of publication:
Despite dire predictions, polar bear populations have actually increased over the past 50 years (Holden, Michaels, & White, 2008).
Subsequent citations: Include only the last name of the first author, followed by 'et al.', and year of publication IF it is the first citation for that source in a paragraph. If there has already been a citation for this source in a paragraph, omit the year of publication:
Despite dire predictions, polar bear populations have actually increased over the past 50 years (Holden et al., 2008).
Include only the first author’s last name, followed by 'et al.', and year of publication (for first and subsequent citations). If there has already been a citation for this source in a paragraph, omit the year of publication:
Rising temperatures due to climate change are causing Arctic ice to melt at rates never before observed (Jackson et al., 2005).
